Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Ademetionine, Cytoflavin, and Dihydroquercetetine on Blood Enzymes Activity in Rats Treated with High Doses of Sodium Valproate.

We evaluated the protective effect of ademetionine, cytoflavin, and dihydroquercetin on activity of serum enzymes in rats treated with high doses of sodium valproate for 28 days. Ademetionine and cytoflavin produced the greatest protective effect, the effect of dihydroquercetin was less pronounced. In rats treated with ademetionine, AST activity decreased as soon as on day 7 and remained at this level until the end of the experiment; ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transferase activities decreased on days 21 and 28 of the study. Cytoflavin produced similar effects, the effect of dihydroquercetin was observed on days 21 and 28 for AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and on day 28 for γ-glutamyl transferase. These results substantiate the use of hepatoprotective drugs in case of long-term treatment with anticonvulsants in patients with epilepsy.

[Cytoflavin effect on locomotor and psychoemotional status in physiological and pathological aging.]

Currently, the actual problem is the correction of motor, cognitive and psychoemotional disorders in physiological aging, as well as in various pathological processes that accompany aging and accelerate it. In this regard, it became necessary to search for drugs that can restore age-related disorders of the brain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of Cytoflavin as a pharmacological corrector of age-dependent disorders of the functions of the cerebral cortex during physiological and pathological, accelerated aging. The mouse sensorimotor cortex of the brain was the material for study. The transgenic male mice with HER2/neu overexpression at the age of 2 and 10 months were used as an experimental model, male wild-type FBV/N mice at the age of 2 and 18 months served as a control. We studied locomotor activity, orientational research behavior and the psychoemotional status of animals using the «open field¼ test and the Suok test. It was found that in old FBV/N mice, after the cytoflavin treatment, recovery of locomotor functions and orientational-research behavior is observed. Under conditions of HER2/neu overexpression after the Cytoflavin treatment, an improvement in motor functions occurs. It was also shown that the studied drug has an anxiolytic effect on both wild-type FBV/N mice and transgenic HER2/neu mice during aging. Thus, the positive effect of Cytoflavin on the dynamics of the behavior of experimental mice during physiological and pathological accelerated aging allow to suggest that in the late stages of ontogenesis, Cytoflavin restores the cerebral cortex functions and prevents neurodegeneration.

[The efficacy of metabolic treatment in the early recovery period of patients with ischemic stroke]. / Éffektivnost' metabolicheskoi korrektsii v rannem vosstanovitel'nom periode u patsientov s ishemicheskim insul'tom.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of including cytoflavin in rehabilitation measures in the early recovery period of patients with ischemic stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Results of rehabilitation measures of 100 patients (50 women and 50 men, aged 18 to 85 years) in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke were analyzed. Psychological testing included NIHSS, MMSE, Rankin scale, Rivermead mobility index, exercise tolerance test. Depending on the rehabilitation scheme, patients were divided into the main group (n=50), who received a verticalization course and cytoflavin (intravenously, drip 20.0 ml in 250.0 ml 5% glucose for 14 days). The control group (n=50) included patients who received standard treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Inclusion of cytoflavin in the rehabilitation scheme for patients with ischemic stroke increased the effectiveness of treatment, which was manifested by a decrease in the severity of neurological disorders assessed with NIHSS by 17.6% in the main group versus 10.8% in the control group (p<0.05) and recovery of cognitive functions assessed with MMSE by 5.8% versus 1.6%, respectively (p<0.05). In addition, there was a positive dynamics in the restoration of blood pressure (by 37.1% in the main group versus 30.6% in the control group (p<0.05)).

[Substantiation of the drug «Cytoflavin¼ application and cognitive-behavioral therapy in complex treatment of deforming coxarthrosis in elderly patients.]

The article presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of the addition of a standard course of conservative therapy to 104 patients of the older age group with coxarthrosis deforming the drug «Cytoflavin¼ and cognitive-behavioral therapy courses. It was found that such scheme increases the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, which manifests itself as the improvement of the mental and physical components of quality of life by reducing pain and increasing the functionality of some of the affected hip. At the heart of positive clinical effect is a decrease in processes of inflammation and reduction of tension of regulatory processes in the organism.

[Effects of cytoflavin on neuronal apoptotic processes in the murine cerebral cortex on a model of physiologicaland pathological aging]. / Vliianie tsitoflavina na protsessy apoptoza neironov kory golovnogo mozga u myshei na modeli fiziologicheskogo i patologicheskogo stareniia.

Involutional changes in the cerebral cortex substantially affect the activity of the cortex itself and the function of target organs. This necessitates pharmacological correction of age-related diseases, primarily a high level of cell death. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of cytoflavin in mechanisms for the apoptotic regulation of cerebral cortical cells during physiological and pathological aging (in the presence of HER-2/neu overexpression). MATERIAL AND METHODS: HER-2/neu transgenic mice were used; wild-type FVB/N mice served as controls. The levels of apoptosis (TUNEL) and the expression of its associated proteins (p53, CD95, Mcl-1, p-AKT, and p-ERK) (Western blotting) were estimated in the sensorimotor cortex. RESULTS: Activation of fundamental AKT and ERK survival pathways promotes a low level of cell death in young FVB/N mice; the extrinsic receptor mechanism of apoptosis is observed to be initiated by aging. The high p-AKT levels in the cortical cells provide suppressed cell death in transgenic mice regardless of their age. After cytoflavin administration, the old wild-type mice show a lower level of apoptosis in the cortical neurons apparently due to the increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, while the old transgenic mice exhibited suppression of the AKT and ERK survival pathways and, accordingly, activation of the extrinsic receptor and p53-dependent apoptosis pathways. CONCLUSION: Thus, cytoflavin exerts a pronounced neuroprotective effect during physiological and accelerated aging, while its effect on the level of neuronal apoptosis is ambiguous and depends on the genetic line of animals. So, this is a moderate stimulation of apoptosis when its level is low in HER-2/neu mice with a high level of carcinogenesis, as well as a decrease in the high level of apoptosis in old wild-type animals, which prevents neurodegeneration.

[The intraoperative prophylaxis of local ischemical brain damage in neurosurgical patients with cerebral aneurysm]. / Intraoperatsionnaia profilaktika lokal'nogo ishemicheskogo povrezhdeniia golovnogo mozga u neirokhirurgicheskikh patsientov s tserebral'noi anevrizmoi.

AIM: To study the effectiveness of intraoperative administration of Cytoflavine for the prevention of ischemic brain injury during cerebral aneurysm (CA) clipping with temporary occlusion of the leading artery under general anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The prospective cohort single-center study included 40 patients with CA ( the main group - 27 patients with intraoperative administration of cytoflavine; the comparison group -13 patients without use of cytoflavine), who underwent aneurism clipping with temporary occlusion of the afferent artery. We assesed the intraoperative state of the brain, the time of awakening and extubation of patients after surgery, neurological deficit and local ischemic changes in the area of surgery according to the CT of the brain in the early postoperative period, resuscitation bed-day and the relationship of these indicators with the duration of temporary occlusion of the afferent artery in the selected groups of patients. RESULTS: In intergroup comparison, patients of the main group treated with intraoperative cytoflavin showed a reduction in the time of awakening (p=0.013) and the time of extubation (p=0.01) both with temporary occlusion of the afferent artery and in patients without temporary occlusion (p<0.05). The duration of resuscitation bed-day decreased in the main group of patients receiving intraoperatively cytoflavine (p=0.01), as well as in patients in the comparison group without temporary occlusion (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Temporary occlusion of the afferent artery with short intervals of vessel occlusion in combination with intraoperative intravenous administration of cytoflavine expands the tolerability to artery occlusion in patients operated in the 'cold' period, reduces the possibility of neurological deficit, reduces the recovery period and resuscitation bed-day after surgical clipping CA.

[Investigation of markers for myocardial remodeling during experimental hypobaric hypoxia in the correction with cytoflavin]. / Issledovanie markerov remodelirovaniia miokarda pri éksperimental'noi gipobaricheskoi gipoksii na fone korrektsii preparatom tsitoflavin.

The limited possibilities of determining myocardial morphological changes in the clinic make it necessary to investigate the effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia in an experiment setting. OBJECTIVE: To reveal the peculiarities of changes in the markers of myocardial remodeling in experimental hypobaric hypoxia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The investigation was conducted on 26 mature male Wistar rats weighing 220-310 g, which were divided into 3 groups: 1) 6 intact animals; 2) 10 rats that were exposed to 30-day simulated hypobaric hypoxia without correction; 3) 10 rats that were given once-daily intraperitoneal injections of cytoflavin solution at a rate of 0.5 ml/100 g of body weight for 30 days before immersion in a hypobaric chamber. RESULTS: The early stages of myocardial remodeling in hypobaric hypoxia were found to be characterized by structural re-systematization of the components of the normal ventricular wall, which was manifested by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and ischemia; circulatory disorders; fibroblast proliferation that dramatically enhances the extracellular expression of protein matrix, which can lead to the formation of fibrous tissue and irreversible myocardial dysfunction. Elevated matrix metalloproteinase levels are evidence for collagen degradation and cardiac remodeling. In the authors' opinion, the cyto- and angioprotective effects of cytoflavin in rats treated with the latter used in combination therapy are associated with the composition of the drug, the active components of which have mutually potentiating effects, are inducers of the major metabolic pathways in the cells and are also activators of key energy-generating processes. CONCLUSION: Identification of the molecular mechanisms of myocardial remodeling is of great practical importance. This enables remodeling markers to be considered as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of hypoxia-induced myocardial injury.

[Prevention of cognitive dysfunction in elderly cancer patients operated on the pelvic organs in conditions of multimodal anesthesia]. / Profilaktika kognitivnoi disfunktsii u pozhilykh onkologicheskikh bol'nykh, operirovannykh na organakh malogo taza v usloviiakh mul'timodal'noi anestezii.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of various variants of multimodal anesthesia on the cognitive functions of elderly patients after surgical interventions on pelvic organs, the development of preventive measures for POCD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study was conducted in 76 elderly patients aged 62 to 84 years with an increased risk of developing POCD. Of these, 46 women and 30 men. Patients were divided into two groups, depending on the type of anesthesia. The 1st group consisted of 37 patients who had low-flow anesthesia with sevoflurane combined with epidural analgesia. 2nd - 39 patients who had anticipated multimodal analgesia on the basis of systemic administration of lidocaine, sulphate magnesia, verapamil. In each group, patients are divided into subgroups - the main (O) and control (K). In the main subgroups anesthetics were supplemented with 20 ml. Cytoflavin, administered 20-25 minutes before the end of surgery and on the 1-3 days of the perioperative period. Cognitive functions were assessed by standardized scales: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Evaluation Scale (MoCA), Frontal Assessment Batteries (FAB). The level of anxiety and depression was determined by the hospital scale of anxiety and depression (HADS). RESULTS: At oncological patients of advanced age in 52.5% of cases there is a moderate degree of cognitive impairment. In the perioperative period, in the study groups, when using different variants of multimodal anesthesia, there is an equivalent transient decrease in cognitive functions by 12.5 and 12.8%. The use of cytoflavin can reduce the manifestation of POCD from 1-day perioperative period, improve the cognitive status of patients. CONCLUSION: In cancer patients of advanced age, cognitive impairment is observed, aggravated after surgical treatment, regardless of the variant of multimodal anesthesia. Protection by Cytoflavin allows to restore the cognitive functions of elderly cancer patients, reduce the manifestations of POCD.

[An influence of cytoflavin on oxidative stress and activity of Na/K-ATPase of erythrocytes after brain trauma]. / Vliianie tsitoflavina na okislitel'nyi stress i aktivnost' Na/K-ATFazy éritrotsitov posle cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

AIM: To study the efficacy of cytoflavin in correction of oxidative stress and the activity of Na/K-ATPase in posttraumatic craniocerebral trauma (CCT) in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed on white non-linear female rats with a modeled CCT. An effect of cytoflavin on free radical oxidation and plasma antioxidant system, processes of plasma lipid peroxidation and antioxidant properties of red blood cells and erythrocyte Na/KATPases activity was studied on 1, 3, 7- and 12th day after CCT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: CCT identified the growth of free-radical processes in blood plasma and an increase in lipid peroxidation in plasma and red blood cells as well as a reduction in the activity of catalase and Na/K-ATPase. Introduction of cytoflavin reduced oxidative stress from the 3rd day and normalized free radical oxidation and lipid peroxidation in plasma and red blood cells to the 7th day of the study against the background of the high total antioxidant capacity of blood and erythrocyte catalase activity. The effect of cytoflavin led to an increase in the activity of Na/K-ATPase on the 3rd-7th day of the study compared with the reduced activity of the enzyme in the control. Recovery of pro- and antioxidant balance under the action of cytoflavin associated with increased activity of Na/K-ATPase aimed at optimizing and reducing the homeostatic mechanisms of secondary damage in the post traumatic period.

[Intraoperative cerebroprotection in total intravenous anesthesia in children of school age]. / Intraoperatsionnaia tserebroprotektsiia pri total'noi vnutrivennoi anestezii u detei shkol'nogo vozrasta.

AIM: To improve the quality of anesthesia in school-age children by using intraoperative metabolic-mediated cerebroprotection to reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment after total intravenous anesthesia based on propofol. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized, prospective, longitudinal clinical study was conducted, involving 60 school-age children operated under total intravenous anesthesia on the basis of propofol. Children were randomized into two equal groups. Patients of the 1st group did not receive intraoperative metabolic-mediated cerebroprotection, patients of the 2nd group were treated with cytoflavin. For Z-assessment of changes in cognitive potential, neuropsychological testing of 30 children of the same age who were not subjected to surgical intervention was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: On the 1st day of the postoperative period, 13.79% of patients of the 1st group had postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), on the 7th day, POCD was observed in 26.67% of children. In the 2nd group, POCD was detected in 6.67% and 3.33% of patients on the 1st and 7th day, respectively (p=0,009). The results confirm the efficacy of cytoflavin in intraoperative prevention of POCD in school-age children.

[Evaluation of bio-inverse communication and Cytoflavin effects on the dynamics of the clinical and psychophysiological condition of elderly patients with osteochondrosis].

We conducted a study of 150 patients on the basis of polyclinic № 91 in St. Petersburg. The effect of Cytoflavin and bio-inverse communication therapy on the dynamics of the condition of elderly patients with osteochondrosis was evaluated. A number of positive effects from such an addition to existing therapy, potentiating the nominal effect, were revealed.

[Dynamics of indicators of the functional state of the central nervous system in Navy operators treated with cytoflavin after a long working cycle]. / Dinamika pokazatelei funktsional'nogo sostoianiia tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy u operatorov Voenno-morskogo flota posle dlitel'nogo rabochego tsikla na fone priema tsitoflavina.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of cytoflavin in the correction of functional state and working ability of Navy operators after a long working cycle. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Results of the examination of 25 Navy operators, aged from 27 to 42 years, were analyzed at baseline and after treatment with cytoflavin. The Rusalov questionnaire for Individuality Formal Dynamic Properties and EEG were used to evaluate the state of participants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the ability of cytoflavin to exert the positive effect on the energetic component of the functional state of Navy operators after a long working cycle, increasing the psychomotor activity and optimizing the spontaneous electrical activity of the brain. The activation of energetic potential, physical activity and emotional reactions by cytoflavin is correlated with the growth of the central nervous system reserves in Navy operators treated after a long working cycle.

[The influence of Cytoflavin therapy on the cerebral hemodynamics in patients with various stages of hypertensive disease]. / Vliianie terapii preparatom tsitoflavin na sostoianie tserebral'noi gemodinamiki pri razlichnykh stadiiakh gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

AIM: To study an influence of cytoflavin therapy on the cerebral hemodynamics in patients with various stages of hypertensive disease (HD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and forty patients with HD, I-III stages, were randomized into 2 groups: patients of group 1 received complex treatment (antihypertensive therapy and cytoflavin), patients of group 2 were treated with antihypertensive therapy. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people. The changes in cerebral hemodynamics using the algorithm of the complex ultrasound study of cerebral vascular system were assessed. RESULTS: Disturbances of hemodynamics at all structural/functional levels of cerebral vascular system were found in all HD stages. There were a decrease in the blood flow through the common carotid, inner carotid, spinal and middle cerebral arteries, reactivity of veins of Rosenthal, blood flow through veins of Rosenthal and inner jugular veins and an increase of blood flow through spinal veins. The hemodynamic study showed that in group 1 there was the increase of blood flow through common carotid, inner carotid, middle cerebral arteries in stage I and through spinal arteries in stage I-II of HD; improvement of the reactivity of veins of Rosenthal, restoration of blood flow parameters through the veins of Rosenthal and inner jugular veins to control values, the decrease in blood flow velocity through the spinal veins in all HD stages. CONCLUSION: HD is accompanied by the damage of all structural/functional levels of cerebral vascular system. The use of cytoflavin in the complex therapy of HD exerts a positive influence on the cerebral hemodynamics reducing the severity of arterial insufficiency in the initial stages of disease, improving microcirculation and venous hemodynamics in all HD stages.

[An experimental in vitro study of antioxidant and antiradical properties of cytoflavin, vinpocetine, actovegin and ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate]. / Izuchenie v eksperimente in vitro antioksidantnykh i antiradikal'nykh svoistv preparatov tsitoflavin, vinpotsetin, aktovegin i etilmetilgidroksipiridina suktsinat u donorov i bol'nykh, perenesshikh ishemicheskii insul't.

AIM: To investigate experimentally in vitro the antioxidant and anti-radical activity of several drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Antioxidant activity was assessed by induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL). An impact on the generation of reactive oxygen species (O2-, OH, 1D, H2O2, HClO) and their ability to inhibit the auto-oxidation of quercetin combined with the generation of superoxide radical anion were determined. Anti-radical activity was studied by the method of restoring a stable radical α-α-diphenyl-ß-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) molecule of the alleged anti-oxidant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The many-sided action of the drugs on the products of free radicals generated in the in vitro experiments has been shown. Only cytoflavin has the highest total antioxidant and antiradical activity. Vinpocetine has demonstrated similar, but somewhat less pronounced, activity. Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate and actovegin have shown only the nonspecific superoxide dismutase activity which was by times lower than that of cytoflavin and vinpocetine.

[Effect of cytoflavin on the clinical and autonomic-psychological manifestations of hypertensive disease].

AIM: To evaluate the impact of incorporating cytoflavin in a treatment regimen for patients with different stages of hypertensive disease (HD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The results of treatment were analyzed in 140 patients with HD (53 with Stage I, 50 with Stage II, and 37 with Stage III). According to the treatment regimen, the patients were divided into 2 groups. A study group (n=74) received combination treatment involving antihypertensive therapy and cytoflavin intravenously dropwisely in a single dose of 200 ml of 5% glucose solution for 10 days, then 2 tablets twice daily for 60 days, with a total cycle time being 70 days. A comparison group (n=66) had antihypertensive therapy only. Thirty apparently healthy individuals (a control group) were examined to have reference values. All the patients were examined using conventional clinical and laboratory studies. The patients' complaints and neurological status were assessed using respective questionnaires over time - before and after treatment. RESULTS: The incorporation of cytoflavin in a treatment regimen was ascertained to reduce the degree of anxiety, depressive, dissomnic, and cognitive disorders, improves quality of life in patients with Stage I HD, and lowers the degree of asthenic and autonomic disorders in all disease stages. CONCLUSION: The found efficacy and safety of the drug may recommend its incorporation in combination therapy regimens for Stages I-III HD.

[PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF APOPTOSIS LEVEL OF CORTICAL NEURONS IN AGED HER2/NEU TRANSGENIC MICE].

Neurodegenerative changes and neuronal death are the basis for development of the nervous system aging. We investigated the mechanism of apoptosis of the sensorimotor cortex neurons of transgenic mice HER2/neu during aging, changes in the cortex function and the participation of exogenous neurometabolites (cytoflavin, piracetam) in regulation of neuronal death and locomotor and psycho-emotional status of mice. The level of apoptosis and expression of apoptosis markers (TUNEL, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting) in HER2/neu transgenic mice as compared to wild type mice (FBV line) were determined. In aging FBV mice the basal activity was shown to decrease and anxiety to increase correlating with the high level of neuronal apoptosis. We identified behavioral characteristics of transgenic HER2/neu mice and found that their low basal activity does not change with aging. Previously we have shown that in this strain of mice the apoptosis level is low, without any age-related changes, due to the suppression, first of all, of the p53-dependent pathway by HER2 (tyrosine kinase receptor) overexpression. Cytoflavin and piracetam were revealed to possess a marked neuroprotective effect, preserving and restoring functions of the nervous system (improving locomotion and psychological status) in both strains of mice. The effect of neurometabolites studied on neuronal apoptosis is ambiguous. In case of its low level it is a moderate stumulation of apoptosis via the external p53-dependent pathways with activation of caspase-3 in transgenic HER2/neu mice with high carcinogenesis level that can possibly prevent tumor development. On the contrary, in old wild-type animals we observed a significant decrease of age-dependent apoptosis level (by stimulating expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1), which prevents neurodegeneration.

[EFFECT OF CITOFLAVIN ON THE PARAMETERS OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN BLOOD PLASMA OF RATS UNDER COLD STRESS CONDITIONS.]

The possibility of correcting free radical oxidation of lipid membranes by the administration of cytoflavin was experimentally studied in rats. It is established that daily cold exposure for 3 h leads to increase in the level of lipid hydroperoxides, diene conjugates, and malonic dialdehyde on the background of decrease in activity of the antioxidant system in the blood of experimental animals. The introduction of cytoflavin (100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 21 day immediately prior to cold exposure leads to reliable (p < 0.05) decrease in the blood level of lipid hydroperoxides (by 13 - 21%), diene conjugates (by 24 - 25%), and malonic dialdehyde (by 20 - 33%) in comparison to rats of the control group. Analysis of the effect of cytoflavin on activity of the antioxidant system components showed that the level of ceruloplasmin and vitamin E in the blood of animals was reliably (p < 0.05) higher by 10 - 33% than analogous indicator in rats of the control group. Thus, the application of cytoflavin under conditions of long-term influence of cold on the organism of animals leads to stabilization of the processes of lipid peroxidation on the background of increased activity of the blood antioxidant system.

[MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN RAT MYOCARDIUM EXPOSED TO HEMIC HYPOXIA AND TREATED WITH CYTOFLAVIN.]

This study was aimed at determining the influence of cytoflavin on the morphological features of contractile cardiomyocytes in female rats after gestation and in newborn rats exposed to hemic hypoxia induced by sodium nitrite (NaNO(2)). The experiment was performed on 28 three-month-old female Wistar albino rats and their offspring (24 seven-day-old newborns). Throughout pregnancy and during 7 days of suckling period, all animals divided into two groups were daily injected intraperitoneally with NaNO(2) at a dose of 5 mg/100 g body weight. Animals in the second test group were additionally injected intraperitoneally with. cytoflavin at a dose of 0.5 mL/100 g body weight. It was found that hemid hypoxia had a strong pathogenic effect on the contractile cardiomyocytes and hemomicrocirculatory bed vessels, which was manifested by the hypoxic and ischernic damage involving violation of the integrity of cellular and mitochondrial membranes. Histological and morphometric studies in animals of the first group showed a significant decrease in the length and area of contractile cardiomyocytes: up to 16.9 and 36.04%, respectively (p = 0.05). In the second group of animals (treated with cytoflavin), these changes were less pronounced: reduction in length and area on the average was 8.2 and 18.6%, respectively (p = 0.05). The administration of cytoflavin reduces the degree of cardiomyocyte damage in female rats after gestation and in newborns, presumably due to the antioxidant and membrane-protective properties of this drug.

[STRESS-PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CYTOFLAVIN ON CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS.]

Analysis of stress-releasing blood reactions (electrophoretic mobility of red blood cells, WBC count, and leukocyte ratio) in rats with experimental cerebral ischernia under the action of cytoflavin held showed that cytoflavin in combination with basic therapy leads to further activation of compensatory-adaptive reactions of the body and stimulated peripheral stress-limiting mechanisms.

[Influence of multimodal effect of cytoflavin in the acute brain stroke in patients with metabolic syndrome]. / Mul'timodal'noe deistvie tsitoflavina pri ostrom mozgovom insul'te, razvivshemsya na fone metabolicheskogo sindroma.

We present the results of a multicenter study on efficacy of cytoflavin in the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke. One hundred and twenty patients (60 of main group and 60 of control group) were enrolled in the study. All patients received basic therapy aimed at to improve systemic hemodynamics. Rheological blood properties and to prevent stroke complications. Patients of main group were treated with cytoflavin as follows: 1-10 days -20 ml (in200 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution) twice a day intravenously in groups: 11-35 days -850 mg twice a day. We assessed dynamics of restoration of lost functions (NIHSS, Rankin scale, Barthel index) and volume of ischemic lesion (KT, diffusion-weighted image). We reveled a trend towards effect of cytoflavin on the preservations of brain mater in acute phase of stroke. Cytoflavin reduced neurological deficit and improved activities of daily living in patients that may be explained by less brain damage.